Currently, precision medicine in real-world clinical practice is mainly associated with treatment based on cancer subtype and genotype. For example, olaparib is a monotherapy for ovarian cancer in women with BRCA1/2 mutations [2]. However, there are still few examples of real-world precision medicine. Current clinical practice still relies heavily on subjective judgment and limited individual patient data [3]. A'one-drug-fits-all' approach is often used, in which a particular diagnosis leads to a specific type of treatment. Alternatively, trial-and-error practices are common, in which various treatment options are tried in the hope that one will work.